The first advantage is that it is easy. The math associated with the percentage of sales method is very simple to execute. The underlying premise of this method is that most of the items on the income statement and on the balance sheet will vary with sales. In addition to direct variable costs, such as cost of goods sold, indirect costs will also vary roughly in line with sales.

2009 2008 ART 8.54 8.84 ACP 42.74 41.27 Iturnover 15.13 14.23 Inventory Age 24.12 25.65 Comments: Ford shows unfavorable activity ratios, which is indicative of the fact that the company is using its assets efficiently to meet financial requirements. All measures, except ART improved over time (from 2008 to 2009). 2009 2008 Debt/Equity 2.04 1.62 Debt/Assets 0.40 0.36 TIE -2.35 2.25 Comments: Ford uses debt heavily to finance the growth of the company. Overall the company is servicing the debt well and is stable over time, even though the loss in 2009 has affected the capital

Credit Risk Management Banks are an important part of the economy of any nation. Traditionally, the banks operate as financial intermediaries serving to satisfy the demand of people in need of various forms of financing. Through this, banks enable people to purchase home and businesses to expand. These financial institutions therefore facilitate investment and spending that are responsible for fueling the growth of the economy. In spite of their vital role

57 Spillover Effect on the Stock Market and Bond Prices in Relation with GARCH Abstract This study examines the spillover effect between bond and stock markets in the U.S. using GARCH. The finding of a unidirectional spillover flow from bonds to stocks in the U.S. is discussed in the light of new marketplace variables that have been introduced into the markets in the previous decade. These variables include the rise of HFT, algorithm-driven

76). As automation increasingly assumes the more mundane and routine aspects of work of all types, Drucker was visionary in his assessment of how decisions would be made in the years to come. "In the future," said Drucker, "it was possible that all employment would be managerial in nature, and we would then have progressed from a society of labor to a society of management" (Witzel, p. 76). The

This issue of resistance to change is a critical one that will require significant effort to overcome. As a first step, the development of needs analysis is critical for understanding how the systems can be designed to be of more value to those using them. This is essential to increase the likelihood of acceptance of the supply chain system, both within Imperial Tobacco Canada and with its suppliers. The